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2001 OSU Team Black "Raven"
Summary
The Raven (or "Phoenix," or "Ravenstein," as the latest variant was also known) was designed to compete in the 2000/2001 AIAA/Cessna/ONR Design/Build/Fly contest, held in Patuxent River MD in April of 2001. The mission objective was to alternately fly a high volume payload of up to 100 tennis balls, and a high density payload of steel. Flight score depended on how many tennis balls and how much steel could be carried in the maximum mission window of 10 minutes. Aircraft were subject to several design constraints such as runway length, wing span, battery type and size, motor type, etc. The Black team fought their way back to a third place finish after a major crash on Saturday resulted in an all night repair, including the construction of a makeshift composite curing oven in the hotel parking lot.
The Airplane The Team Multimedia Contest Results Sponsors
Specifications
Wing
Wingspan: 10 ft
Wing Area: 8.9 sq ft
Aspect Ratio: 11.4
Airfoil: S1210
Fuselage
Length: 5.9 ft.
Max width
Max Height
Propulsion
Motor: Astroflight 661 brush-type geared 2.7:1
Controller: ASTRO 204D
Fuel: 37 SR-2400 NiCd Batteries in series
Propeller: 22x20 Bolly composite
Maximum Power: >1500 Watts (2 hp)
Maximum Thrust: 15 lb
Weights
Empty Weight (excl. Batteries): 12.7 lb
Battery Weight: 5 lb
Tennis ball payload capability: 100 balls (approx 13.5 lb)
Maximum Payload Weight: 18 lb
Max Gross Weight: 35.7 lb
Features
Composite main gear
Electromechanical nosewheel brake
Polyhedral wing
All carbon fiber construction
Molded fuselage (First use of molded construction in an OSU DBF plane)
Custom machined nose gear
Performance
Takeoff distance at max gross wieght: 200 ft.
Maximum endurance: > 10 minutes
Maximum Range: > 5 miles
Maximum Speed: > 88 ft/sec
The OSU Black design team was led by a Chief Engineer, and divided into three primary groups: Aerodynamics/Stability and Control, Propulsion, and Structures.
Chief Engineer: Sam Preece
Aerodynamics / Stability and Control
Anthony Boeckman (Lead)
Eric Williams
Renato Zanetti
Po Jo-Ong Edmond
Propulsion
Chad Stoecker (Lead)
Fei-Min Chang
Marita Johnson
List of people in team picture
Structures
Dustin Hamill (Lead)
Byrony Gass
Justin Evans
Johnny Dickson
Chris Nault
Dacheng Tang
Yoke Chuan Tan
Yong Keat Chia
Pilot: Dan Bierly
Spotter: Dr. Ron Delahoussaye
Faculty Advisor: Dr. Andrew S. Arena, Jr.
Assistant: Joe Conner
*(The above team roster does not include all people involved in the project)
Team logo:
Team Mascot: The Raven (and Phoenix)
Memorable quotes
"Deep into that darkness peering, long I stood
there wondering, fearing,
Doubting, dreaming dreams no mortals ever dared to dream before;"
- Edger Allen Poe, “The Raven”
"Nothing can be simple" - Dr. Arena
"No Hands!" -Dan Bierly
Team Video
The following music video introduces the team, and highlights the development and testing of the aircraft. It is recommended that you right click on the link and use "Save Target as..." to download the video to your computer before playing.
Full size version 158MB Small Version 50MB
Pictures
(Hover cursor over any thumbnail on this page for a description)
Teams and Trophies
Construction
Flight Test
Contest
Miscellaneous
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This is the final presentation made by the OSU Black team
AIAA Student Journal 2001 DBF News Story
A great summary of the contest with pictures
Black Team Presentation Brochure
The mission objective was to alternately fly a high volume payload of up to 100 tennis balls, and a high density payload of steel. Flight score was (Ws + n/5) where Ws is the weight of steel carried, and n is the number of tennis balls carried, for all laps combined. For all steel payload laps, the aircraft had to fly the course layout shown. For all tennis ball payload laps, the aircraft had to fly the course twice, but without the 360 turn. Total score was calculated as Written Report Score * Flight Score / RAC
RAC was a "Rated Aircraft Cost" which penalized many aspects of the design. It included penalties for design parameters such as; aircraft empty weight, engine power, wing area, etc. A link to the complete rules may be found below.
Some of the more challenging constraints on the designs included:
200 ft short field takeoff distance
Brushed electric motor using NiCd batteries
10 minute maximum flight window (A typical mission required 5 landings to a complete stop. This required the team to rapidly unload and load the payloads. The time would usually run out not long after Raven passed the downwind pylon, which is where the aircraft had to pass for a lap to count)
Aircraft must be lifted at the wing tips at full gross weight
How "Raven" became "Phoenix"
On the first day of the contest, Raven was in 6th place, and was poised to make a flight which would have significantly improved the placement of the team. As the plane was taking off, an unfortunate rain shower suddenly struck, and the Raven lost power on the critical crosswind turn, when she was carrying a full load of steel. In this vulnerable position, the port wing stalled, and the aircraft crashed on the grass. The aircraft sustained major damage to the fuselage and the wing. Both the fuselage and the wing were snapped in half. Although never tested, one hypothesis was that the loss of power was due to a short in the arming switch which was located at the bottom of the plane, where a small amount of water collected.
The Black team immediately mobilized to make the repairs, and set up a makeshift workshop in the parking lot of the hotel at approximately 7:00pm. The worst damage was done to critical parts of the structure that carry the highest loads, therefore the repairs needed to be strong. Since structural epoxy would not be fully cured by contest time, it was decided that the team needed to build a curing oven to accelerate the epoxy cure. The team accomplished this by purchasing insulating foam board at a local hardware store, and heat lamps from Wal-mart. The foam board was built into a box, and the lamps placed in the ceiling inside the box. The oven was built in the OSU racing trailer, was then further covered with blankets. The oven may be seen in the black team video above (see the video shot Sunday at 3:00am). The team completed repairs on the aircraft by 7:00am Sunday, just in time to make the trip back to the flight field and fly their way to third place.
OSU Team Black Score Summary
Report Score: 91
Flight Score: 221.7
RAC: 4.754
Total Score: 4243.73
Overall Place: 3rd
2001 Sponsors
The following sponsors contributed to the project. The OSU Black Raven team greatly appreciates their support, and considers them members of our team. Without their support, the project would not have been possible.
Advanced Composites Group, Inc.
Chevron-Phillips
Ditch Witch
Frankfurt-Short-Bruza Association
Halliburton Energy Services
L. Andrew Maciula
Lockheed Martin Ft. Worth Division
Mercruiser
NASA Oklahoma Space Grant Consortium
OSU Team Black 2000 "Flight Factory"
The Pump and Motor Works, Inc.